# My Python

### 顯示中文

```
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
```

參考資料：\
<https://blog.gtwang.org/programming/python-chinese-comments-utf8-encoding/>

```python
#讓這支程式在作為module被其他人當作模組呼叫與直接執行有所區別
#直接執行    -> name的名稱就是main
#模組呼叫    -> name則為test


#test.py
if __name__ == __main__:
    print(__name__)
    main()
```

[參考來源](http://technology-sea.blogspot.tw/2012/03/python-name-import.html)

#### **Input**

raw\_input() --> 輸入內容會被視為字串型態

input() --> 輸入內容會被視為變數、公式等

[參考來源](https://www.foolegg.com/how-to-get-the-users-input-in-python-with-input-or-raw_input-functions/)

#### lambda

方便的小function，可用於簡單的運算或判斷

```python
#python3

lambda_test=lambda a,b : a+b  #輸入參數:a,b ， 執行的任務為a+b
print(lambda_test(8,7)) #result=15
```

#### map

操作所有元素

```python
#python3
#map運算結果可以再另外指定型態

#統一把陣列中的數字從str轉換為int
print(list(map(int,['1','2']))) #result=[1,2]

#統一把陣列中的數字從int轉換為str
print(list(map(str,[3,4]))) #result=['3','4']

#與lambda結合
func = lambda x: x+2 #將輸入值(x)加2後輸出
print(list(map(func, [1,2,3]))) #result=[3,4,5]
```

#### filter

根據條件過濾元素

```
#python3
```

[參考來源](http://fcamel-fc.blogspot.tw/2011/08/python-1.html)

## 檔案操作

#### 刪除

```python
import os
os.remove("C:\\Folder\\alarm.txt")  # 刪除檔案

import shutil
if os.path.exists(dump_path_date):
    shutil.rmtree(dump_path_date)  # 刪除資料夾和檔案
```

<http://wiki.alarmchang.com/index.php?title=Python_刪除目錄和下面的所有檔案_使用_shutil.rmtree>

參考連結:\
<http://www.victorgau.com/?p=5586>

#### 檔案名稱與路徑

```python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import sys
import os

# 檔案路徑
print(__file__)  # D:/xxx/xxx.py
print(sys.argv[0])  # D:/xxx/xxx.py

# 檔案名稱
print(os.path.basename(__file__))  # xxx.py
print(os.path.basename(sys.argv[0]))  # xxx.py

os.path.normcase(path) # 調整為小寫
os.path.normpath(path) # 在windows中可以調整斜線

# 在windows中執行
a = 'D:/a\\b\\c'
print(os.path.normcase(a))  # 調整斜線和小寫 => d:\a\b\c
print(os.path.normpath(a))  # 調整斜線 => D:\a\b\c


# 在linux中執行
a = 'D:/a\\b\\c'
print(os.path.normcase(a))  # D:/a\b\c
print(os.path.normpath(a))  # D:/a\b\c
```

參考連結:\
<https://blog.csdn.net/xiemanR/article/details/72728142>

#### 檔案複製

```python
import shutil
# 複製檔案
shutil.copyfile('./123.txt', './456.txt')

# 直接複製整個資料夾，不用先創立料夾2
shutil.copytree('/1','/2')
```

<https://blog.csdn.net/qq_37634812/article/details/79206025>

<https://read01.com/zh-tw/DmjLP5.html#.Wtg_b4huaUk>

<https://itw01.com/VUUFESS.html>

#### 讀取與寫入

<https://blog.csdn.net/ztf312/article/details/47259805>

#### 檔案大小

<https://codeday.me/bug/20170321/6057.html>

<https://blog.csdn.net/u013419465/article/details/40583031>

#### Exception

輸出詳細的錯誤訊息

```python
import traceback

try:
        1/0
except Exception, e:
        exstr = traceback.format_exc()
```

### 路徑

#### windows vs linux

<https://ephrain.net/python-使用-os-path-處理路徑問題/>

#### 獲取作業系統

<https://imsardine.wordpress.com/2012/06/12/python-programming-environment-os/>

#### print

sep = 指定分隔符號

end = 指定結束符號

flush = True (顯示緩衝區內容)

<https://tw.saowen.com/a/2c71b8fcf2846c5f460c64db0065b1e3926276d2bc17ddcd140d2e9ae040a006>

#### 查詢套件

**List all installed packages - 列出所有已安裝的套件**

`$ pip freeze`

**Check specify package version - 查看某套件版本**

`$ pip freeze | grep Django`

<https://whhnote.blogspot.com/2013/05/python-list-pip-installed-packages-pip.html>

#### 反編譯

簡介

<https://www.itread01.com/content/1546897339.html>

[https://aji.tw/%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7python%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E7%A2%BC/](https://aji.tw/如何保護python原始碼/)

<https://www.zhihu.com/question/20069661>

<https://kknews.cc/zh-tw/code/2xojaxr.html>


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